• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the structures of devices for the manufacture of crankshafts. The purpose of the acquisition is to reduce the working force of deformation and expand the range of sizes of the resulting products. To achieve the goal, the movable intermediate bodies with tools are located on one side of the vertical axis of the working tool of the upper plate, and the remaining intermediate bodies: the bodies form the upper and lower Sections. The first section is connected to the top plate, and the second is rigidly with the base. The device is equipped with a closing mechanism of these sections and additional tools for fixing the position of the machined part of the shaft, which are installed with the possibility of changeover. Intermediate shells that form these two sections are offset from the axis of the working tool of the top plate. The base of the device is made in the form of two parallel beams of a U-shaped cross section. The upper portions of each of the beams are interconnected by a longitudinally arranged beam. The hinged-lever systems are connected with one of the transverse beams, and the lower section - with the other. The closing mechanism of the upper and lower sections is made in the form of at least one hook pivotally connected to the base, and also at least one rotatable shaft with a flat. Additional tools are made in the form of upper and lower parts with a working profile for the elements of the shaft being manufactured, as well as inserts with a working profile for orientation of the shaft. The top plate and base have vertical guides for orientation of the top plate. The upper section is connected to the upper plate by means of a detachable connection. When the workpiece is deformed, the device is gradually retooled and. reorientation of tools for the sequential formation of product areas. The deformation is carried out by bending and upsetting the areas of the workpiece. 5 hp f-ly, 23 ill. C2 (O 4 about with O9 O9 s
    公开号:SU1440333A3
    申请号:SU843820676
    申请日:1984-12-07
    公开日:1988-11-23
    发明作者:Рут Тадеуш
    申请人:Инопредприятие Института Обрубки Пластычнэй (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    114
    The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the structures of devices for the manufacture of crankshafts,
    The purpose of the invention is to reduce the working force of deformation and expand the range of sizes of the resulting products.
    FIG. 1 shows the device a general view; fig 2 is the same vertical section; FIG. 3 is the same at the moment of clamping the workpiece; figure 4 - the same, vergt.kalny section; Fig. 5 is the same at the time of completion of the formation of the shaft arm; in fig. 6 - the same front view; in fig. 7 is the same, at the time of completion of the formation of the other arm of the wapa, a vertical section j in FIG. 8 is a section A-A in FIG. 3; in fig. 9 longitudinal beam, side view; FIG. 10 shows the same, top view; FIG. 11 - top and bottom parts of additional device tools, vertical section; Fig. 12 is the same end view, a variant of the tool for producing six-shaft shafts; in fig. 13 - the same 9 version of the tool for the seven-knee shafts; in fig. 1A - the same, a version of the tool for eight-shaft shafts; Fig, 15 - insert additional tools, vertical section; in fig. 16 - the same, front view; in fig. 17 — additional tools in the fixing position of the root journal of the shaft; in fig. 18 - the same, in the position of fixing the crank shaft journal; in fig. 19 - the same in the position of fixing the main journal of the shaft; in fig. 20 location of tools when fixing the position of the workpiece to obtain the first shaft arm, section; FIG. 21 shows a diagram of instantaneous landing speeds and are flexible at the beginning of the working stroke; FIG. 22 shows the location of the tool 1ent when the formation of the first shaft arm is completed, a section; in fig. 23 is a diagram of instantaneous landing and shear rates at the end of the working stroke.
    A device for manufacturing crankshafts is mounted on a press having a table 1 and a slider 2. The device comprises an upper plate 3 attached
    to the slider 2, and the base in the form of beams 4, mounted on the table 1 press. The top plate 3 is provided with horizontal guides, on which
    five
    five
    "5 o
    five
    0
    five
    0
    intermediate body 5 is mounted for movement. Plate 3 is provided with vertical guides 6 interacting with vertical guides 7 placed on beams 4. Lower ends of four connecting arms are pivotally connected to the Base, of which two outer ones are marked 8 , and two internal ones, i.e. position 9. The upper ends of the connecting levers 8 and 9 are pivotally connected to the strap housing 10. The housing 10 is equipped with a lead 11 that mates it with the housing and is additionally connected to the base by means of levers 12. In the upper intermediate housing 5 is fixed Individual tool 13; Tool 14 is fixed in housing 10.
    The device also has a fixed section 15 placed between the beams 4. In this section there is a protrusion 16, which serves to fasten the tools. The device also contains an upper section 17, which, together with section 15, forms the second pair of tool blocks stationary during the working stroke. Section 17 is not rigidly attached to the plate 3, but may be suspended on it during the opening of the device. This facilitates maintenance during installation of the workpiece forged, or when removing a finished forging. During the corresponding working stroke, section 17 is completely independent of plate 3.
    At the base, hooks 19 are hinged on the pins 18. The upper section 17 is provided with two lateral protrusions 20. The shafts 21 with bald ends for hooks are mounted for rotation in the bearing supports. The upper section 17 is connected to the upper plate by means of a detachable connection formed by the elements 22 and 23. In addition, this section is also provided with a pull 24, which serves to suspend it to the press slider 2. These tools facilitate the handling of the upper section during opening of the device.
    The device also contains tools for fixing the position of the machined part of the shaft, consisting of three
    parts: the top 25, bottom 26 and the insert 27. The top part 25 is located in section 17. Both parts have a working profi, forming a stream 28. The profile of the bottom part 26 has recesses 29 used for forging the second arm of each crank. In addition, the working profile of parts 25 and 26 has recesses 30-32, etc., located at precisely defined angles, depending on the design of the shaft being manufactured.
    The third part is additional tools. is an insert 27, having in one place on the circumference a guiding recess 33, as well as two surfaces 34, having the form of sectors of a truncated concave cone. The liner 27 is mounted coaxially in the stream 28 rotatably.
    To form the crank arms, a split tool is designed, the upper half of which 35 is located on the end surface of the body 5, the lower half 36 of this tool forming the crank arm is mounted in the lower part of the device. Working end surface 37 upper half tools
    The one that forms the crank arm and the working face 38 of the lower half of this tool have the shape of truncated cone sectors. . In addition, in section 17, a tool 39 is mounted to secure the forged material, which is a counter tool with respect to the upper working surface 40 of the lower half 36 of the tool forming the crank arm. .
    Due to the fact that the device is primarily intended for forging long crankshafts, and the press space is limited, the base of the device consists of two longitudinal beams 4, between which are located the first transverse beam 41 and the second, which is simultaneously the lower part of section 15. These the elements have lateral protrusions, indicated by the position 42 (Fig. 6) and the position 16 (Fig. 1), respectively. These protrusions enter the corresponding notches made in the beams .4. All together fastened in the transverse direction with bolts 43.
    Each of the transverse beams 4 has an i-shaped contour. Tops
    Q
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    five
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    five
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    each longitudinal girder is connected between the second by means of a longitudinal beam 44 of an I-form, the middle part of which is parallel to beam 4 and fits into longitudinal grooves made in the upper parts of girders 4, and the extreme transverse parts 45 are supported on the end surfaces 46 and 47 beams 4.
    The use of beams 4, reinforced in the upper part by beams 44 and provided with straps 48 for mounting tools, as well as placing the lower part of section 15 in the space between beams 4, as well as the bearing support of hooks 19 on trunnions 18, the axes of which are perpendicular to beams 4, allows to achieve a small width of the device, which is very important in view of the limited distance between the columns of the press body. Reference numerals 49-51 denote additional supporting liners. Position 52 marked procurement.
    The device works as follows.
    The slider 2 of the press rises to the upper starting position. Cases 10 and 5 are moved to the stop using hydraulic power cylinders (not shown). In this position, the levers 8 and 9 are rejected right from the vertical. Hooks 19 are on the right. Most of the presses are equipped with a mobile table, which makes it possible to nominate the press of the table along with the bottom of the device. This facilitates the laying of the workpiece on the lower tools of the device and the removal of the forging after the end of the forging.
    In order to forge the first shoulder of the first crankshaft crank (Figs. 20 and 22), the lower part 26 of the tool is laid with the lower part of the detachable support plate, which is the clip for the right end of the forging material. In the upper part 25 of the tool put the upper part of this split base plate. The tool 14, the anchoring material, as well as the lower half 36 of the tool that forms the crank arm, and the lower part of the support plate are superimposed by the rod blank 52, heated to the desired temperature and retractable together with the sliding table under the press.
    0
    five
    The press is then set in motion. At the time of contact with the workpiece tool 39 and the upper part of the support plate, the press stops and retracts the hooks 19 to the left. As a result of this operation, the hooks press down the shafts 21, whereby the section 17 presses against the lower section of the tools. As a result of the subsequent movement of the press slide 2, the workpiece contacts the tools 13 and 35 and the left part of the workpiece is automatically fixed. Thus, the device is closed, the workpiece is fixed in it both on the right and on the left side. The housing 10 is coupled by its leader 11 and the housing 5. Then the section 17 is automatically released from the plate 3, and the train 24 can be removed. During the subsequent movement of the slide 2 down, the levers 8 and 9 are retracted to the right, and the housing 10 moves to the right together with the housing 5 associated with it. In the initial phase of this movement, landing occurs from the simultaneous flexible part of the rod blank between the tool ends 14 and 35, as well as 36 and 39 (Fig. 21). In Fig. 21, the letter R denotes the lengths of the levers 8 and 9, measured between the axes of their upper and lower hinge; d is the whole bending and shearing path; the angle of the levers at the beginning of the work; JS - instant start-up speed
    ki;
    J g - instantaneous initial bending and shear rate. It follows from the diagram that the instantaneous speed of the attachment LZ of the cases 5 and 10 together with the tools mounted in them in the horizontal direction exceeds the instantaneous speed of bending of the game in the vertical direction. Component movement in the vertical direction causes bending or shearing of the deformable material. During the subsequent phases of the working stroke of the press ram, the upset speed decreases and the shear rate increases 50 (Fig. 23). R, g and S in FIG. 23 have the indicated values, and dj denotes the angle of inclination of the levers 8 and 9 at the end of the working stroke & S i - the instantaneous final landing speed; Lg i is the mio-555 final final rate of bending and shear. In this case, the end surfaces of the toolQ n g 5 5 approach each other.
    0
    0 5
    cops 35 and 36 forming the crank arm.
    Between these surfaces, in the final phase of the working stroke, a shoulder is made by forging a crank. During the entire working stroke of the press, the vertical guides 6 of the plate 3 slide along the vertical guides 7, assuming the frictional forces resulting from the movement of the body 5 along horizontal guides.
    At the end of the working stroke, the hooks 19 are retracted to the right by hydraulic power cylinders (not shown) and turn the slider 2 presses until the elements 22 and 23 engage with each other. In this position, the press is stopped, a clamp 24 is placed between section 17 and slider 2, and then the press slider is retracted to the end, the forging is removed and bodies 5 and 10 are moved to the left.
    For forging the second arm of the first crank of the crankshaft, a correspondingly heated forging obtained during the first stroke of the press is placed in the device in the manner described with the difference that the trunnion located at the outer end of the forged first shoulder is introduced into the lower recess 29 of the stream 28. Next, the arm 28 is inserted into the liner 27 so that the guide recess 33 covers the crank pin. The further process of forging the second shoulder proceeds similarly to the process of forging the first shoulder. Thus, a forging is obtained having a first crank crank.
    After the device is removed, the forging is removed and the tools are returned to the initial position, the first arm of the second crankshaft crank is forged. It proceeds in a manner similar to the forging of the second shoulder, with the only difference being that the connecting rod neck forged during the previous working stroke is inserted into one of the recesses 30.31, etc., defining the required angle, which must be between the first and second crank crankshaft shaft.
    After forging the first shoulder of the second crank, the second shoulder of the second crank is forged, similarly to the forging process of the second shoulder of the first crank.
    During the forging of the next arms of the cranks, it is useful to prop up the parts of the crankshaft already previously forged with the help of supporting inserts 49-51, which protect the finished part of the forging from unwanted deformation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. A device for manufacturing crankshafts, comprising a drive top plate with a working tool, placed with the possibility of reciprocating movement, a base, as well as intermediate housings with individual tools for shaping the arms of the cranks, the main axles and the crankshaft journals of the shafts, some of which are connected by a hinge - but-lever systems with base
    and installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement, the components of which are directed along and across the tool axis of the top plate, characterized in that, in order to reduce the working force of deformation and expand the range of sizes of the resulting products, intermediate housings installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement , are located on one side of the vertical axis of the working tool of the upper plate, and the remaining intermediate bodies form the upper and lower sections, torus of which is rigidly associated with the base, wherein the apparatus is provided with a mechanism for clamping said sections and additional tools for fixing the position of the machined part ,, shaft mounted with the possibility of readjustment.
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate
    The hulls forming the two sections are offset from the axis of the working tool of the top plate.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made in the form of two parallel-arranged U-shaped bats, the upper portions of each of which are interconnected by a longitudinally arranged beam, interconnected by two transversely arranged beams, while the hinge the lever systems are connected to one of the transversely arranged beams, and the indicated lower section is connected to the other.
    [4]
    4. A device according to claim 1, 1-3, characterized in that the closing mechanism of said upper and lower sections is made in the form of at least one hook pivotally connected to the base, and also at least one rotary shaft with a flat hook fixed to the upper intermediate body sections.
    [5]
    5. The device according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the additional tools are made with the UE and short parts of the upper and lower parts with a working profile for the elements of the manufactured shaft in the form of angles, located at angles corresponding to the angular positions of the adjacent crank arms, finished shaft,
    as well as associated with the specified parts of the insert with a work profile for shaft orientation.
    [6]
    6. The device according to PP. 1-5, characterized in that the upper plate and the base are provided with interchangeable vertical guides for orientation of the upper plate.
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    Compiled by A. Bystrov Tehred L. Serdyukova
    17 33 25
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    Fig.23
    Proofreader A. Obruchar
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES8600707A1|1985-11-01|
    PL245115A1|1985-06-18|
    CA1228253A|1987-10-20|
    US4646551A|1987-03-03|
    JPS60145233A|1985-07-31|
    PL141712B1|1987-08-31|
    EP0144981B1|1991-06-19|
    CS273158B2|1991-03-12|
    EP0144981A3|1987-08-19|
    DE3484732D1|1991-07-25|
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    ES538570A0|1985-11-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2534613A|1944-12-07|1950-12-19|Cie Forges Et Acieries Marine|Apparatus for forging parts showing important variations in their cross section|
    US2535295A|1946-07-05|1950-12-26|Cie Forges Et Acieries Marine|Forging apparatus|
    US2827685A|1952-07-24|1958-03-25|English Steel Corp Ltd|Apparatus for forging crank-shafts and like work-pieces|
    GB757526A|1953-11-23|1956-09-19|Loire Atel Forges|Improvements in or relating to apparatus for forging crank-shafts|
    US2999298A|1959-02-09|1961-09-12|Loire Atel Forges|Apparatus for forging a crankshaft or similarly shaped part|
    US3129488A|1960-05-20|1964-04-21|Schloemann Ag|Progressive forging of multi-throw crankshafts|
    US3348407A|1963-10-02|1967-10-24|Ts Lab Obrobki Plastycznej|Device and particularly forging apparatus for simultaneous upsetting and bending of material like bars, rods or ingots|
    DE1301297B|1964-09-02|1969-08-21|Ts Lab Obro Bki Plastycznej|Device for upsetting elongated workpieces on presses|
    FR1534873A|1967-06-21|1968-08-02|Loire Atel Forges|Process for forging blanks made up of several non-coaxial volumes and device with two degrees of freedom for implementing said process|
    FR1546525A|1967-06-21|1968-11-22|Loire Atel Forges|Method for forging blanks made up of several non-coaxial volumes using a device with one degree of freedom|
    CS184303B2|1968-07-19|1978-08-31|Gabriel Ruget|Equipment for forging of crankshafts and other similar products|
    US3688552A|1970-06-19|1972-09-05|Forges De La Loire Comp D Atel|Apparatus for forging crankshafts and like parts|
    PL82101B1|1971-07-31|1975-10-31|
    PL102814B1|1975-03-15|1979-04-30|Instytut Obrobki Plastycznej|METHOD OF FORGING MADE OF SINGLE POLISH ROLLERS, FORGING DEVICE, ESPECIALLY FORWARDING MADE OF SINGLE POLISH ROLLERS AND AN EXAMPLE FOR SPECIFICALLY SPECIFICALLY POLISH INDIVIDUAL EXCLUSIVE FORKING|
    SU583866A1|1975-07-30|1977-12-15|Челябинский Политехнический Институт Им.Ленинского Комсомола|Method of manufacturing crankshaft-like articles|
    YU1979A|1978-01-14|1983-02-28|Inst Obrobki Plastucznej|Device for forging in a press|US5493761A|1994-10-24|1996-02-27|Ingersoll Cm Systems, Inc.|Apparatus for fillet rolling of crankshafts|
    PL187876B1|1999-03-05|2004-10-29|Inst Obrobki Plastycznej|Upset forging apparatus|
    EP1347842B1|2000-11-22|2011-02-23|Ingersoll Cm Systems, Inc.|Apparatus and method for rolling workpieces|
    WO2005078699A1|2004-02-17|2005-08-25|Peter Ischer|Percussion instrument, particularly a drum or a kettle drum|
    CN100513003C|2005-03-21|2009-07-15|崔怀旭|Special hydraulic press for crank axle bending and upsetting|
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    JP5324284B2|2009-03-27|2013-10-23|本田技研工業株式会社|Crankshaft manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method|
    CN102548684B|2010-09-17|2014-12-03|丰田自动车株式会社|Crankshaft production method and production apparatus|
    CN102886478A|2011-07-21|2013-01-23|张德崑|Multifunctional hydraulic machine|
    US10124398B2|2013-11-21|2018-11-13|Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation|Method for producing a forged crankshaft|
    JP6132030B2|2013-11-21|2017-05-24|新日鐵住金株式会社|Manufacturing method of forged crankshaft|
    CN106061647B|2014-02-27|2018-06-08|新日铁住金株式会社|The building mortion of the finish forge blank of four-banger crankshaft forging and used the device crankshaft forging manufacturing method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PL24511583A|PL141712B1|1983-12-13|1983-12-13|Method of and apparatus for press forging of crankshafts|
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